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Delgado, Garcés-Goyes, Vera.
Exportación de aguacate orgánico desde Carchi al mercado estadounidense:
una propuesta de mejora
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to improve the export of organic avocados from Carchi to the U.S. market, with the
goal of enhancing the competitiveness and success of local producers. Adopting a mixed-methods
approach, quantitative and qualitative methods were integrated to gain a comprehensive
understanding of the export process. Quantitatively, statistical data on production were analyzed.
Simultaneously, detailed interviews with field experts were conducted, providing valuable practical
insights. The results revealed significant challenges, such as the need to meet rigorous phytosanitary
and quality standards in the U.S. market. Key opportunities were identified, including product
diversification and expansion into additional international markets. The employed methodology
allowed for a holistic understanding of the export process, with collected data undergoing detailed
quantitative and qualitative analyses. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive perspective
on the export of organic avocados from Carchi to the United States. Despite progress, critical questions
persist, necessitating future research, such as strategies to address evolving quality standards and the
effects of economic fluctuations on avocado prices. These findings offer practical guidance for
producers and policymakers, enabling them to address emerging challenges and ensure a prosperous
future for the organic avocado industry in Carchi.
Keywords: export, avocado, organic product, Carchi, United States.
Introducción
El consumo de aguacate ha experimentado un notable aumento a nivel global, especialmente en
países como Estados Unidos, Francia, Alemania y España (Madero y Castro, 2019). Este
incremento lleva consigo un significativo aumento en las áreas de cultivo en diversos países
productores, incluyendo Ecuador. En este contexto, se presentan amplias oportunidades
comerciales para la exportación de aguacate, dado el crecimiento constante en la demanda del
producto. El aguacate ecuatoriano ha ganado reconocimiento en los mercados internacionales.
En mayo de 2022, el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos, a través del Servicio de
Inspección de Sanidad Animal y Vegetal - APHIS, otorgó su aprobación para la importación de
aguacate proveniente de Ecuador. Esta autorización abre nuevas puertas comerciales para el país.
Según datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (2023), durante el
2022, Ecuador tenía 6.303 hectáreas plantadas de aguacate y se espera que esta cifra se
incremente a 10.000 hectáreas (Villamil Herrera, 2022). De acuerdo con datos del Banco Central
del Ecuador (2023), las exportaciones de aguacate cultivado en Ecuador alcanzan
aproximadamente USD 1,3 millones de dólares anuales. En 2022, la principal zona de producción
se localizó en Carchi, con una producción de 11.985 toneladas métricas (INEC, 2023), lo que
representó el 45% de la producción nacional. Ecuador ofrece cinco variedades de aguacate:
guatemalteca, hass, booth 8, tonnage y choquete (Álvarez et al., 2021), siendo las más populares